Privacy Issues in Cross-Border Identity Management Systems: Pan-European Case

The paper presents a Pan-European Identity Management System that was developed through the concerted efforts of several European research initiatives, and identifies gaps in the privacy protection mechanisms, which occur because privacy is considered strictly from the EU Data Protection regulation perspective. Privacy protection problems are identified, and measures to eliminate them are outlined on the basis of an extended notion of privacy, which includes aspects of unlinkability, transparency, anonymity and pseudonymity.